What is a smooth bore nozzle?
7 min read
Asked by: Stanley Bacon
Smooth Bore Fire Nozzles Smooth bore nozzles also use the lowest engine pump pressures, allowing for maximum reach. Smooth bore nozzles are often referred to as solid bore nozzles because they produce a solid stream to provide maximum reach and penetration to the seat of the fire.
What is an advantage of a smooth bore nozzle?
Smooth bore nozzles outperform fog nozzles in that they have more operational benefits, which include: greater reach and better penetration. less nozzle reaction except for the 50-psi fog nozzle. less likelihood of being clogged by debris.
What do you pump a smooth bore nozzle at?
Smooth bore nozzles generate effective streams at nozzle pressures as low 30 PSI, but the stream will degrade at pressures over 60 PSI.
What are the two types of fire nozzles?
There are five basic nozzle types:
- the solid bore.
- the single gallonage (sometimes called variable pressure/variable flow)
- the adjustable gallonage.
- the automatic or constant pressure.
Can smooth bore nozzles be used to apply compressed air foam?
For applications of compressed air foam system (CAFS), a full-flow ball valve or smooth-bore nozzle can get the job done because larger discharge usually causes drier foams.
Which nozzle has the highest operating pressure?
Red Spray Tip (0-Degrees)
The red spray tip creates a 0-degree spray pattern and is the most powerful nozzle of them all. You need to be very careful using this tip to make sure you don’t cause any damage to the surface you are cleaning.
How many GPM is a master stream?
A master stream is basically defined as a heavy-caliber stream delivered through a master stream water delivery appliance. A master stream is used when flows surpass 350 gallons per minutes (gpm), becoming too difficult to be delivered from a handline operation because of nozzle reaction.
What PSI Do you flow a deck gun at?
By having flow control at the deck gun and knowing the static pressure the pump operator can quickly engage the pump upon arrival, pull the tank to pump valve, open the master stream valve and throttle up to that 140 PSI static pressure.
How do you calculate gpm on a smooth bore nozzle?
its volume into a 10-inch-diameter circle at its break-over point. named height or distance, even through a breeze. through a window and strike the ceiling with enough force to splatter well. For example, a one-inch smooth bore tip will have a dis- charge of 210 gpm: 29.72 × 12 × 7.07 = 210 gpm.
What PSI Do you flow a master stream at?
Master Stream Devices: Nozzle Pressure + 10 PSI for the device. Older devices with multiple intakes and stream straightener Nozzle Pressure + 20 PSI.
What is a disadvantage of using fog nozzles to apply fire fighting foam?
What is a disadvantage of using fog nozzles to apply fire fighting foam? Select one: a. They are specialty nozzles that are not widely available on most apparatus.
What is class A foam?
Class A foams are used to extinguish fires caused by wood, paper, and brush. Class A foams generally do not contain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (also known as “PFAS”).
How do air aspirated nozzles work for Class A foam?
Air-aspirating nozzles use the energy of the fire stream passing through the nozzle to draw air into a foam tube at the base of the nozzle. The air then aspirates the foam solution to create finished foam as it leaves the nozzle.
What psi do you pump into a standpipe?
Standpipes are low-pressure systems. Depending on the year that the system was installed, the minimum required pressures are 65 and 100 psi.
What is the GPM flow from a 1 inch nozzle flowing at 50 psi?
328 gpm
At 50 psi nozzle pressure, the 1¼-inch smooth bore tip produces a flow of 328 gpm and a nozzle reaction of 123 pounds.
How do you calculate flow rate of a nozzle?
3 Flow rate
- Any nozzle will produce certain flow rate at a given pressure differential. …
- The flow rate for a given nozzle can be calculate by the following formula.
- Q= Flow rate.
- K = K factor for nozzle.
- P = Pressure differential at the nozzle.
- n = Is a constant that depends upon the spray pattern type.
How do you calculate pump discharge pressure?
Calculating Pump Discharge Pressure
- Step 1 – Draw a picture of the hoselay.
- Step 2 – Add PDP formula to drawing. …
- Step 3 – Enter nozzle pressure & GPM used by each nozzle. …
- Step 4 – Determine the GPM in each hose. …
- Step 5 – Calculate the friction loss for each hose. …
- Step 6 – Calculate the friction loss total.
How do you prevent pump cavitation?
Some tips to prevent cavitation due to vaporization include:
- NPSHa > NPSHr + 3 ft or more safety margin.
- Lower temperature.
- Raise liquid level in suction vessel.
- Change out pump type.
- Reduce motor RPM.
- Use impeller inducer.
- Increase diameter of the eye of impeller.
Why is pump inlet bigger than outlet?
Because of the low pressure of the inlet, the inlet is larger than the outlet, in order to meet the water supply balance requirements and prevent the formation of cavitation, the entrance has a certain pressure head.
What does Max head mean in pumps?
capability to push water upwards
What does ‘Max Head’ mean? Max Head refers to a pump’s capability to push water upwards (also known as ‘vertical lift’). What is often overlooked is that at its max head lift, the pump will deliver zero flow! How about ‘Max Flow Rate’? Max Flow Rate means a pump’s capability to transfer fluid volume.
How far can you pump water vertically?
25 feet
Typically, atmospheric pressure limits vertical suction lift of pumps to 25 feet at sea level (see chart below). This does not mean that you are limited to 25 feet of pipe, you could use upwards of 200 feet of suction pipe, so long as the liquid source is not lower than 25 feet below the pump center line.
How much HP pump do I need?
Horsepower theoretically required for pumping water equals the gallons per minute multiplied by the head in feet, and divided by 4.000 For power recommended, divide by 2000 instead of 4000.
How do I increase my head on my pump?
Throttle the valve by reducing the flow thus increasing the head. Reducing the flow also helps to reduce the frictional losses along the discharge line, so it will see an increase in pressure. Reducing the discharge pipe size will have adverse effect as it will increase the frictional losses across a smaller pipe.
Why is turning your head off important?
The maximum head (shut-off head) is achieved at a flow rate of zero. Increasing flow rate introduces friction into the system as the liquid travels along the pipes from the suction tank to the pump and from the pump into the discharge pipe. This friction reduces the amount of total head that the pump can produce.
Why can water only be lifted 10.3 m?
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 29.92 inches (approx. 76 cm) of mercury. This is equivalent to a column of water 406.7 inches or 33.9 feet (approx. 10.3 m).
How long can a pump run dry?
If the pump is run dry for less than 45-60 seconds, the pump should not suffer damage.
Why you shouldn’t run a pump dry?
Dry running your pump causes friction, and this friction is strong enough to heat up the impeller, causing it to melt. ² Even minor melting is severely detrimental to your pump’s performance, potentially causing it to seize up and stop working at all.
How do I know if my engine is dry run?
Dry running might be detectable by the pump drawing less current than normal but again that depends on the rating and type of motor. The other option is to sense the water using conduction, pressure or optical methods.
What happens if you run a water pump without water?
Dry running occurs when a pump operates without adequate liquid. This leads to a surge in pressure, flow or overheating that will instigate a pump failure. As a result, the pumping elements seize up on the shaft.
How long can a well pump run before burning out?
Answer: It’s not advisable to use them on smaller types as it can cause the machine to wear out quickly. Q. How many hours does a well pump run a day? Answer: On average, it can run up to 2 and a half hours.
How do you destroy a water pump?
Let’s look at ways we can kill a pump.
- Overwork it: Work the pump continuously at higher capacities, flows, heads, or speeds than originally specified.
- Under or over lubricate: Never grease or oil the pump or over grease your pump.
- Fry it: …
- Poison it: …
- Stab it: …
- Piping and coupling loads: …
- Shake it: …
- Drown it:
